#include <Arduino.h>

// --------------------------------------------------------
// Hardware Pin Definitions
// --------------------------------------------------------
const int MOISTURE_PIN = 34; // ADC1 Channel 6
const int LED_PIN      = 25; // Digital Output for Status LED
const int BUZZER_PIN   = 26; // Digital Output for Piezo Buzzer

// --------------------------------------------------------
// PWM Configuration for Piezo Buzzer
// --------------------------------------------------------
const int PWM_FREQ       = 2000; // 2 kHz audio frequency
const int PWM_CHANNEL    = 0;    // ESP32 Hardware Timer Channel 0
const int PWM_RESOLUTION = 8;    // 8-bit resolution (0-255)

// --------------------------------------------------------
// Calibration Constants
// --------------------------------------------------------
// IMPORTANT: Capacitive sensors output a HIGHER voltage when dry 
// and a LOWER voltage when wet. These values represent the 12-bit 
// ADC readings (0-4095). You must calibrate these for your specific sensor.
const int DRY_VALUE = 3200;  // Expected ADC reading in completely dry air
const int WET_VALUE = 1400;  // Expected ADC reading submerged in water

// --------------------------------------------------------
// Application Logic Constants
// --------------------------------------------------------
const int ALARM_THRESHOLD_PERCENT = 30; // Trigger alert at or below 30% moisture

void setup() {
    // Initialize Serial Communication for debugging
    Serial.begin(115200);

    // Configure Digital Output Pins
    pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
    digitalWrite(LED_PIN, LOW); // Ensure LED is off at boot

    // Configure LEDC PWM peripheral for the Buzzer
    // This allows us to generate a clean square wave for a passive piezo
    ledcSetup(PWM_CHANNEL, PWM_FREQ, PWM_RESOLUTION);
    ledcAttachPin(BUZZER_PIN, PWM_CHANNEL);
    ledcWrite(PWM_CHANNEL, 0); // Ensure buzzer is silent at boot

    Serial.println("=========================================");
    Serial.println(" ESP32 Soil Moisture Monitor Initialized ");
    Serial.println("=========================================");

    // Allow hardware to stabilize
    delay(1000); 
}

void loop() {
    // 1. Read the raw analog voltage from the sensor
    int rawAdcValue = analogRead(MOISTURE_PIN);

    // 2. Map the raw ADC value to a 0-100 percentage scale.
    // We invert the mapping parameters because DRY is high, WET is low.
    int moisturePercent = map(rawAdcValue, DRY_VALUE, WET_VALUE, 0, 100);

    // 3. Constrain the percentage to strictly 0-100.
    // This prevents negative numbers or values > 100% if the sensor 
    // reads slightly outside the hardcoded calibration range.
    moisturePercent = constrain(moisturePercent, 0, 100);

    // 4. Output telemetry to the Serial Monitor
    Serial.print("Raw ADC: ");
    Serial.print(rawAdcValue);
    Serial.print("\t | Moisture: ");
    Serial.print(moisturePercent);
    Serial.println("%");

    // 5. Evaluate the alert threshold
    if (moisturePercent <= ALARM_THRESHOLD_PERCENT) {
        // Condition: Soil is dangerously dry.
        // Action: Flash the LED and pulse the buzzer.

        digitalWrite(LED_PIN, HIGH);
        // Set PWM duty cycle to 50% (128 out of 255) to generate sound
        ledcWrite(PWM_CHANNEL, 128); 
        delay(500); // Wait 500ms

        digitalWrite(LED_PIN, LOW);
        // Set PWM duty cycle to 0% to silence buzzer
        ledcWrite(PWM_CHANNEL, 0);   
        delay(500); // Wait 500ms

    } else {
        // Condition: Soil moisture is adequate.
        // Action: Keep alerts turned off and delay before next reading.

        digitalWrite(LED_PIN, LOW);
        ledcWrite(PWM_CHANNEL, 0);
        delay(1000); // Poll sensor once per second
    }
}

// src/main.cpp
#include <Arduino.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <WebServer.h>

// Hardware Pin Definitions
#define CONTACT_PIN 18
#define STATUS_LED_PIN 19

// SoftAP Network Credentials
const char* ssid = "ESP32-FieldMonitor";
const char* password = "admin1234"; // WPA2 requires a minimum of 8 characters

// Initialize the WebServer on port 80
WebServer server(80);

// Global state variables
int currentContactState = HIGH;
int lastContactState = HIGH;

// HTML Dashboard stored in Program Memory (PROGMEM) to save RAM
const char dashboard_html[] PROGMEM = R"rawliteral(
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <title>Field Monitor Dashboard</title>
  <style>
    body {
      font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif;
      text-align: center;
      background-color: #e9ecef;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 20px;
    }
    .card {
      background: white;
      max-width: 400px;
      margin: 40px auto;
      padding: 30px;
      border-radius: 12px;
      box-shadow: 0 8px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
    }
    h2 {
      color: #343a40;
      margin-top: 0;
    }
    .status-box {
      font-size: 1.8em;
      font-weight: bold;
      margin: 20px 0;
      padding: 20px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      transition: background-color 0.3s, color 0.3s;
    }
    .loading { background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #6c757d; border: 2px dashed #6c757d; }
    .closed { background-color: #d4edda; color: #155724; border: 2px solid #28a745; }
    .open { background-color: #f8d7da; color: #721c24; border: 2px solid #dc3545; }
    .footer {
      margin-top: 20px;
      font-size: 0.85em;
      color: #6c757d;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
  <div class="card">
    <h2>Machine Contact Status</h2>
    <div id="contact-state" class="status-box loading">Awaiting Data...</div>
    <div class="footer">Auto-refreshing every 500ms via JSON API</div>
  </div>

  <script>
    // Asynchronous function to fetch status from the ESP32
    function fetchStatus() {
      fetch('/api/status')
        .then(response => {
          if (!response.ok) {
            throw new Error('Network response was not ok');
          }
          return response.json();
        })
        .then(data => {
          const statusDiv = document.getElementById('contact-state');
          // data.contact is 0 when closed (LOW) due to INPUT_PULLUP
          if(data.contact === 0) {
            statusDiv.innerHTML = "CONTACT CLOSED";
            statusDiv.className = "status-box closed";
          } else {
            statusDiv.innerHTML = "CONTACT OPEN";
            statusDiv.className = "status-box open";
          }
        })
        .catch(error => {
          console.error('Error fetching status:', error);
          const statusDiv = document.getElementById('contact-state');
          statusDiv.innerHTML = "CONNECTION LOST";
          statusDiv.className = "status-box loading";
        });
    }

    // Poll the API every 500 milliseconds
    setInterval(fetchStatus, 500);

    // Initial fetch immediately on load
    window.onload = fetchStatus;
  </script>
</body>
</html>
)rawliteral";

// Route Handler: Serve the main HTML dashboard
void handleRoot() {
  server.send(200, "text/html", dashboard_html);
  Serial.println("Dashboard accessed by a client.");
}

// Route Handler: Serve the JSON API for the dashboard to consume
void handleApiStatus() {
  // Construct a simple JSON string manually
  String jsonPayload = "{\"contact\": " + String(currentContactState) + "}";
  server.send(200, "application/json", jsonPayload);
}

// Route Handler: Handle 404 Not Found
void handleNotFound() {
  server.send(404, "text/plain", "404: Not Found");
}

void setup() {
  // Initialize Serial Monitor
  Serial.begin(115200);
  delay(1000); // Allow serial to stabilize
  Serial.println("\n--- ESP32 Field Monitor Initialization ---");

  // Configure Hardware Pins
  pinMode(CONTACT_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(STATUS_LED_PIN, OUTPUT);

  // Read initial state
  currentContactState = digitalRead(CONTACT_PIN);
  lastContactState = currentContactState;

  // Set initial LED state (ON when contact is closed/LOW)
  digitalWrite(STATUS_LED_PIN, (currentContactState == LOW) ? HIGH : LOW);

  // Configure Wi-Fi in Access Point (SoftAP) mode
  Serial.print("Configuring Access Point...");
  WiFi.softAP(ssid, password);

  IPAddress IP = WiFi.softAPIP();
  Serial.println(" Ready!");
  Serial.print("SoftAP SSID: ");
  Serial.println(ssid);
  Serial.print("SoftAP IP Address: ");
  Serial.println(IP);

  // Define Web Server Routing
  server.on("/", HTTP_GET, handleRoot);
  server.on("/api/status", HTTP_GET, handleApiStatus);
  server.onNotFound(handleNotFound);

  // Start the Web Server
  server.begin();
  Serial.println("HTTP Web Server started.");
}

void loop() {
  // Handle incoming HTTP client requests
  server.handleClient();

  // Read the physical contact state
  currentContactState = digitalRead(CONTACT_PIN);

  // Detect state changes to update the LED and log to Serial
  if (currentContactState != lastContactState) {
    // Debounce delay (basic implementation)
    delay(50);
    currentContactState = digitalRead(CONTACT_PIN);

    if (currentContactState != lastContactState) {
      if (currentContactState == LOW) {
        Serial.println("EVENT: Contact CLOSED (Active).");
        digitalWrite(STATUS_LED_PIN, HIGH); // Turn LED ON
      } else {
        Serial.println("EVENT: Contact OPEN (Inactive).");
        digitalWrite(STATUS_LED_PIN, LOW);  // Turn LED OFF
      }
      lastContactState = currentContactState;
    }
  }
}

/*
 * SD Event Data Logger
 * Target: Arduino UNO R3 (ATmega328P)
 * Objective: Log debounced button presses to a microSD card over SPI.
 */

#include <SPI.h>
#include <SD.h>

// Pin Definitions
const int chipSelect = 4;
const int buttonPin = 2;
const int ledPin = 8;

// State Variables
unsigned long eventCount = 0;
int buttonState;
int lastButtonState = HIGH; // HIGH because we use INPUT_PULLUP

// Timing Variables for Debounce
unsigned long lastDebounceTime = 0;
const unsigned long debounceDelay = 50; // 50 milliseconds

void setup() {
  // Initialize Serial for debugging
  Serial.begin(9600);
  while (!Serial) {
    ; // Wait for serial port to connect
  }

  // Configure Pins
  pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);

  Serial.println("Initializing SD card...");

  // Initialize SD Card
  if (!SD.begin(chipSelect)) {
    Serial.println("Critical Error: SD card initialization failed!");
    Serial.println("Check wiring, formatting (FAT16/32), and card insertion.");
    // Trap execution in an infinite loop and blink LED rapidly
    while (true) {
      digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
      delay(100);
      digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
      delay(100);
    }
  }

  Serial.println("SD card initialized successfully.");

  // Optional: Write a CSV header if the file does not exist
  if (!SD.exists("events.csv")) {
    File dataFile = SD.open("events.csv", FILE_WRITE);
    if (dataFile) {
      dataFile.println("Event_ID,Uptime_ms");
      dataFile.close();
      Serial.println("Created new events.csv with headers.");
    } else {
      Serial.println("Error: Could not create events.csv");
    }
  }
}

void loop() {
  // Read the state of the switch into a local variable:
  int reading = digitalRead(buttonPin);

  // Check to see if you just pressed the button
  // (i.e. the input went from HIGH to LOW), and you've waited long enough
  // since the last press to ignore any noise:

  // If the switch changed, due to noise or pressing:
  if (reading != lastButtonState) {
    // reset the debouncing timer
    lastDebounceTime = millis();
  }

  if ((millis() - lastDebounceTime) > debounceDelay) {
    // whatever the reading is at, it's been there for longer than the debounce
    // delay, so take it as the actual current state:

    // if the button state has changed:
    if (reading != buttonState) {
      buttonState = reading;

      // only trigger an event if the new button state is LOW (pressed)
      if (buttonState == LOW) {
        logEventToSD();
      }
    }
  }

  // save the reading. Next time through the loop, it'll be the lastButtonState:
  lastButtonState = reading;
}

void logEventToSD() {
  eventCount++;
  unsigned long currentTimestamp = millis();

  // Open the file. Note that only one file can be open at a time.
  // The filename must follow the 8.3 format (max 8 chars name, 3 chars extension)
  File dataFile = SD.open("events.csv", FILE_WRITE);

  // If the file is available, write to it:
  if (dataFile) {
    dataFile.print(eventCount);
    dataFile.print(",");
    dataFile.println(currentTimestamp);
    dataFile.close();

    // Print to the serial port too:
    Serial.print("Logged -> Event: ");
    Serial.print(eventCount);
    Serial.print(" | Time: ");
    Serial.println(currentTimestamp);

    // Visual feedback: Quick pulse on the status LED
    digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
    delay(150); // Short blocking delay is acceptable here to stretch the visual flash
    digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
  } 
  else {
    // If the file isn't open, pop up an error:
    Serial.println("Error: Failed to open events.csv for writing.");

    // Visual feedback: Three slow flashes indicating a write error
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
      digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
      delay(300);
      digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
      delay(300);
    }
  }
}

/*
 * Project: Servo Calibration Tester
 * Target: Arduino UNO R3 (ATmega328P)
 * Description: A multi-mode servo testing tool. Uses a potentiometer for manual
 * control and a pushbutton to cycle between Manual, Center, and Sweep modes.
 */

#include <Servo.h>

// Pin Definitions
const int SERVO_PIN = 9;
const int POT_PIN = A0;
const int BUTTON_PIN = 2;

// Servo Object
Servo testServo;

// State Machine Variables
enum TesterMode {
  MODE_MANUAL = 0,
  MODE_CENTER = 1,
  MODE_SWEEP  = 2
};

TesterMode currentMode = MODE_MANUAL;

// Button Debouncing Variables
int buttonState = HIGH;             // Current reading from the input pin
int lastButtonState = HIGH;         // Previous reading from the input pin
unsigned long lastDebounceTime = 0; // The last time the output pin was toggled
const unsigned long debounceDelay = 50;   // Debounce time in milliseconds

// Servo Sweep Variables
int sweepAngle = 0;
int sweepDirection = 1;
unsigned long lastSweepUpdate = 0;
const unsigned long sweepInterval = 15; // Milliseconds between sweep steps

// Telemetry Variables
unsigned long lastTelemetryTime = 0;
const unsigned long telemetryInterval = 500; // Update Serial every 500ms

void setup() {
  // Initialize Serial Monitor
  Serial.begin(115200);
  while (!Serial) {
    ; // Wait for serial port to connect
  }

  Serial.println("Initializing Servo Calibration Tester...");

  // Configure Pins
  pinMode(POT_PIN, INPUT);
  pinMode(BUTTON_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP); // Use internal pull-up resistor

  // Attach Servo
  // Using standard min/max pulse widths (1000us to 2000us)
  // Some SG90 servos respond better to 500us to 2400us, adjust if necessary.
  testServo.attach(SERVO_PIN, 1000, 2000);

  // Set initial position
  testServo.write(90);
  Serial.println("System Ready. Mode: MANUAL");
}

void loop() {
  handleButton();
  updateServo();
  sendTelemetry();
}

void handleButton() {
  int reading = digitalRead(BUTTON_PIN);

  // Check if the button state has changed
  if (reading != lastButtonState) {
    lastDebounceTime = millis();
  }

  // If the state has been stable longer than the debounce delay
  if ((millis() - lastDebounceTime) > debounceDelay) {
    // If the button state has physically changed
    if (reading != buttonState) {
      buttonState = reading;

      // Only toggle mode if the new button state is LOW (pressed)
      if (buttonState == LOW) {
        cycleMode();
      }
    }
  }
  lastButtonState = reading;
}

void cycleMode() {
  if (currentMode == MODE_MANUAL) {
    currentMode = MODE_CENTER;
    Serial.println(">>> Mode Switched: CENTER (90 deg) <<<");
  } else if (currentMode == MODE_CENTER) {
    currentMode = MODE_SWEEP;
    Serial.println(">>> Mode Switched: AUTO-SWEEP <<<");
  } else {
    currentMode = MODE_MANUAL;
    Serial.println(">>> Mode Switched: MANUAL <<<");
  }
}

void updateServo() {
  switch (currentMode) {
    case MODE_MANUAL:
      {
        int potValue = analogRead(POT_PIN);
        // Map 10-bit ADC (0-1023) to Servo Angle (0-180)
        int targetAngle = map(potValue, 0, 1023, 0, 180);
        testServo.write(targetAngle);
      }
      break;

    case MODE_CENTER:
      {
        testServo.write(90);
      }
      break;

    case MODE_SWEEP:
      {
        if (millis() - lastSweepUpdate > sweepInterval) {
          lastSweepUpdate = millis();
          sweepAngle += sweepDirection;

          if (sweepAngle >= 180) {
            sweepAngle = 180;
            sweepDirection = -1;
          } else if (sweepAngle <= 0) {
            sweepAngle = 0;
            sweepDirection = 1;
          }
          testServo.write(sweepAngle);
        }
      }
      break;
  }
}

void sendTelemetry() {
  if (millis() - lastTelemetryTime > telemetryInterval) {
    lastTelemetryTime = millis();

    int currentAngle = testServo.read();
    int currentMicroseconds = testServo.readMicroseconds();

    Serial.print("Mode: ");
    switch (currentMode) {
      case MODE_MANUAL: Serial.print("MANUAL\t"); break;
      case MODE_CENTER: Serial.print("CENTER\t"); break;
      case MODE_SWEEP:  Serial.print("SWEEP \t"); break;
    }

    Serial.print(" | Angle: ");
    Serial.print(currentAngle);
    Serial.print(" deg | Pulse: ");
    Serial.print(currentMicroseconds);
    Serial.println(" us");
  }
}

#include <SPI.h>
#include <MFRC522.h>

static const uint8_t SS_PIN = 10;
static const uint8_t RST_PIN = 9;
static const uint8_t RELAY_PIN = 7;
static const uint8_t STATUS_LED_PIN = 6;

// Many relay modules are ACTIVE LOW.
// Set to true if your relay turns on when the Arduino pin goes LOW.
// Set to false if your relay turns on when the Arduino pin goes HIGH.
static const bool RELAY_ACTIVE_LOW = true;

// Unlock timing in milliseconds
static const unsigned long UNLOCK_TIME_MS = 3000;

// Example authorized UIDs.
// Replace these with the UIDs printed by your own cards during enrollment/testing.
const byte AUTHORIZED_UIDS[][4] = {
  {0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF},
  {0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78}
};
const size_t AUTHORIZED_UID_COUNT = sizeof(AUTHORIZED_UIDS) / sizeof(AUTHORIZED_UIDS[0]);

MFRC522 mfrc522(SS_PIN, RST_PIN);

bool relayActive = false;
unsigned long relayActivatedAt = 0;
String lastUidString = "";
unsigned long lastScanAt = 0;

// Ignore repeated reads of the same card within this time window
static const unsigned long SAME_CARD_DEBOUNCE_MS = 1500;

void setRelay(bool on) {
  relayActive = on;

  if (RELAY_ACTIVE_LOW) {
    digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, on ? LOW : HIGH);
  } else {
    digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, on ? HIGH : LOW);
  }

  digitalWrite(STATUS_LED_PIN, on ? HIGH : LOW);
}

void printUid(const MFRC522::Uid *uid) {
  for (byte i = 0; i < uid->size; i++) {
    if (uid->uidByte[i] < 0x10) {
      Serial.print("0");
    }
    Serial.print(uid->uidByte[i], HEX);
    if (i < uid->size - 1) {
      Serial.print(":");
    }
  }
}

String uidToString(const MFRC522::Uid *uid) {
  String s = "";
  for (byte i = 0; i < uid->size; i++) {
    if (uid->uidByte[i] < 0x10) {
      s += "0";
    }
    s += String(uid->uidByte[i], HEX);
    if (i < uid->size - 1) {
      s += ":";
    }
  }
  s.toUpperCase();
  return s;
}

bool isAuthorized(const MFRC522::Uid *uid) {
  // This basic example checks only 4-byte UIDs against a fixed list.
  if (uid->size != 4) {
    return false;
  }

  for (size_t i = 0; i < AUTHORIZED_UID_COUNT; i++) {
    bool match = true;
    for (byte j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
      if (uid->uidByte[j] != AUTHORIZED_UIDS[i][j]) {
        match = false;
        break;
      }
// ... continues for members in the complete validated source ...