Level: Basic – Learn to use an NPN transistor as a switch to drive a DC motor, including the use of a flyback diode.
## Objective and use case
In this…
In this Digital Electronics lab, use a Binary counter to build a frequency divider. Verify square wave outputs at f/2, f/4, and f/8 relative to the clock.
Build a practical Digital Electronics circuit with a Binary counter. Visualize the 0 to 15 sequence on LEDs and verify synchronous clock signals.
Master Analog Electronics by building a secure lock. Use a Transistor circuit to trigger a solenoid only when two keys turn, holding the signal for 5 seconds.
Master Analog Electronics by analyzing unstable logic states. Learn how internal Transistor behavior causes shoot-through current and flickering LED outputs.
Master Analog Electronics by fixing a flawed NPN Transistor switch. Diagnose dim LEDs and high Vce voltage, then correct bias to achieve full saturation.
